This course will review basic periodontal surgical treatment options following initial therapy where non-surgical treatment failed to produce the best results possible or where non-surgical options alone would not be successful. The primary purpose of periodontal surgery is to better access root surfaces and bony defects for treatment. The type of surgery should be determined by the best therapy appropriate to manage each particular patient’s soft and hard tissue defects (e.g., osseous surgery, biologics, bone grafting, soft-tissue grafting). The overall goal is to control the disease process in order to halt progression, restore tissue and minimize the effects of the disease.